Orwells Perception of the Political Power of Language Essay

Orwells Perception of the Political Power of Language As an author, George Orwell is concerned with the modern use and misuse of the English language. He notes the recognized ability of language to distort truth and deceive masses in his essay Politics and the English Language, and attempts to alert the public of this power in his novel Nineteen-Eighty-Four . Depicting dystopia of a totalitarian system at a complete extreme, Orwellls novel is essentially about psychological control of the public. In the creation of Newspeak, Orwell portrays the effects of recurring abuse of language by government, and demonstrates how language can be used politically to manipulate minds on a monumental scale, eventually birthing a society in†¦show more content†¦As Orwell expects, to think clearly is a necessary first step towards political regeneration ; thus the Party limits such public thought, eliminating the threat of a society that can denounce government and defend itself from wrong. In order to maintain its power, Orwell claims that a political regime uses language to produce a reduced state of individual consciousness in its residents. As it structures and places limits on ideas that an individual is capable of forming, language is established as a type of mind-control for the masses. The primary purpose of political language, to Orwell, is to eliminate individual thought and expression. In using euphemisms and metaphors, for example, which one does not create by him or herself, an individual neither creates his/her thoughts nor chooses his/her words; thus the process of thinking is completely eliminated. This idea is developed more radically in his novel in the use of Newspeak, as the Party has completely erased any forum for personal thought or expression. As one member of the party describes, In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. The concept of thought control is evident throughout the novel, but is also present in Orwells earlier ideas about the politics of language as described in his article. He identifies that political language largely serves to make lies sound truthful , and draws the conclusionShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm Book, Language Used as an Instrument of Social Control1156 Words   |  5 PagesSquealer, how is language used as an instrument of social control? How do the pigs rewrite history? In the book animal farm, Orwell very carefully created his characters in order to mimic certain political figures of the time. In this case Squealer functioned as the propaganda department. Squealer uses language to keep Napoleon in power. He uses language as a means to consolidate power, in this light truth is an element that can be manipulated through language. His use of language is designed toRead MoreThe Text Through Saussure And Whorfs Respective Theories1778 Words   |  8 Pagesrespective theories, Structuralism has exposed the power of political discourse to structure our perception of the world. Additionally, it has helped to identify the political conditions from which the binaries of ‘war/peace’ and ‘freedom/slavery’ have emerged. Evaluating the text from a Structuralist perspective reveals language as the primary source of political discourse and hegemony. In 1984, language is both an instrument and an effect of power. Michel Foucault’s discursive practices suggestRead MoreThe Linguistic Revolution:The Relation Between Class, Language, and Ideology In 1984968 Words   |  4 Pages While almost all novels contain some sort of political allusion or connotation, few novels are as directly political as George Orwells 1984. From beginning to end, the novel is an epic and shocking piece, a strong precautionary tale against the ills of extreme totalitarianism. In it, Orwell paints a dismal future, one where individualism ceases and citizens are held in rigid class structures by the government with the threat of physical harm and, more importantly, through powerful mental conditioningRead MoreLanguage As The Primary Source Of Political Discourse And Hegemony1244 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating the text from a Structuralist perspective reveals language as the primary source of political discourse and hegemony. In 1984, language is both an instrument and an effect of power. Michel Foucault’s discursive practices suggest that discourse â€Å"transmits and produces power† (Foucault, 1980). It has the capacity to govern social interactions, limit the parameters of human thought and endorse political ideologies. Structuralist Jonathan Culler corroborates Foucault’s assertion in his bookRead MoreOrwell, Modjeska and Gardin1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Orchard and Nineteen Eighty-Four both describe cultures that encourage us to see ourselves as others see us. Consider the political implications of seeing and being seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Orchard, focussing on one passage or scene from each book, and one relevant image or written text you collect from the print media. The Orchard by Drusilla Modjeska, Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell and Gianni Berengo Gardins The Gypsy Camp, Trento (Italy) 1985 all detail the controlRead MoreFiction and Reality Collide Through Corruption 1248 Words   |  5 PagesLong before George Orwell wrote 1984, a man by the name of Lord Acton wrote, â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.† Orwell expresses a similar sentiment regarding the future of political powers, more specially totalitarianism. A totalitarian society is a government that is overruled by one major power, or person. Although the dystopian novel is merely fiction, Orwell created it as a warning and expression of fears about totalitarianism. Big Brother resembled Adolf HitlerRead MoreEssay about 1984: Nineteen Eighty-four and People1649 Words   |  7 Pagesfew of the examples of things dictators would have control over in a totalitarianism form of government. Aggressive leaders such as Hitler and Joseph Stalin a re examples of such dictators. They used their power for terror and murder, and their motive is simply to maximize their own personal power. George Orwell had witnessed World War II, the fall of Hitler and Stalin’s dictatorships, and the fatal outcomes that have come from these governments. To warn future generations of the harsh effects of totalitarianismRead MorePrescriptivism v. Descriptivism1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe Language Wars have been waged in the realm of English Literature, Language and Linguistics for years. Both sides of the argument are staunch believers in their position, but are more than willing to concede points to the other sides’ favour. In Bryan A. Garner’s essay, â€Å"Making Peace in the Language Wars†, he describes himself as a ‘descriptive prescriber’ (Garner, Making Peace in the Language Wars 2008, 270), and offers a truce that fulfils both sides of the argument as the crux of his essayRead MoreEssay about The P ower of Words1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Words Language has an irreplaceable role in our lives as mankind has grown to depend on it as an important way of acquiring Knowledge. But how valid is language as a way of knowing? French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre answered this question with the quote: Words are more treacherous and powerful than we think. Words do indeed lie. It is precisely because of its role as an indispensable tool of communication and thoughts that words have the power to moldRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of George Orwells 1984 War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss of

Student Unrest in Nigerian Universities - 4126 Words

 © Kamla-Raj 2005 J. Soc. Sci., 10(1): 17-22 (2005) Student Unrest in Nigerian Universities: Looking Back and Forward Oyaziwo Aluede, Basil Jimoh, Beatrice O. Agwinede and Eunice O. Omoregie Department of Educational Foundations, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma 310001, Ekpoma, Nigeria E-mail: oyaziwoaluede@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Student unrest; student services; student personnel administration; universities ABSTRACT The authors examined the policies and factors that have in the past and at the present precipitated student unrest in Nigerian university campuses. Predictions about the policies that are likely to produce student protest in Nigerian university campuses in the near future are advanced. Nigerian higher educational†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Ajuluchukwu 1962 (as cited in Onwuejeogwu, 1991) note that from the inception, the National Union of Nigerian Students (NUNS) embarked upon deliberate campaigns of fostering national consciousness and inspiring a strong sense of militancy in the Nigerian people’s liberation struggle (Aluede, 1995; Babatope, 1974). Babatope (1974) and Onwuejeogwu (1991) note that the students’ union was born and nurtured in the womb of colonial protest. Hence student unionism was more of a protest union rather than student union, which was aimed at far reaching changes in the society. One incident of student unrest in 1960 was essentially due to students’ dissatisfaction with government insensitivity to national issues, and its inability to address them appropriately. Nigerian students aware of the British government’s intention to establish a military base in Nigeria and by so doing perpetuate a neo-colon ial state, decided to stage a protest against the Table 1: Incidents of student unrest in Nigeria Year 1981 1984 Institutions Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Many Nigerian tertiary institutions Many Universities in Nigeria Many Nigerian Universities Several schools In many parts of Nigeria proposed Anglo-Nigerian Defence pact in Lagos on November 14, 1960. Another incident was students’ dissatisfaction with newly introduced educational policies. 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Criteria match †Organ Sales Free Essays

The numbers grow on a daily basis and every year, thousands of Americans are dying because of the inability to get the life-saving organs in which they require to survive (Shave, 2008). Although an answer of legalizing the sale of organs may seem like a plausible solution, there are a magnitude of issues that show this may not be such a good idea. By legalizing the sale of Organs, we run the risk of increasing black market revenue and major exploitation of the poor. We will write a custom essay sample on Criteria match – Organ Sales or any similar topic only for you Order Now This provides availability for more unsafe practices and distribution of organs in an uncontrolled environment. In our current age, we have over one hundred thousand individuals waiting for a transplant with only less than fifteen thousand donors (OPT, 2014). Although legalization of organs may seem reasonable, I do not think it would be a wise choice because of exploitation, morals and the large contribution it would make to support the black market distribution of organs. Becoming an organ donor and compensation for organs are two separate cases in which one is deceased and can no longer use their organs and where one living being is compensated for organs in which they may sibyl need to survive at a later date. The black market has had no issues in delivering services still to those desperate for organs to save their loved ones (Meeker, 2007). In 2003 an illegal kidney-procurement network was uncovered in Africa where an operation would provide the donor with six thousand dollars and middlemen were able to sell the organs for as much as one-hundred thousand dollars (Shave, 2008). In the United States, the black market for human tissue usually involves those that are about to be cremated. Falsified documents are provided and he tissue can then be sold to a research facility where infectious, diseased organs are sold by a claim that alters the cause of death or health history. In some of these trades, compensation is not even rewarded but the donor waking up in a bath tub covered in blood and ice cubes with a missing organ. Because of the desperate call to help a family member and the waiting list being so high, many Americans turn to the black market in order to get what they need. The individual may contact someone they know such as the â€Å"Body snatchers† and a worker may be misled thinking they eave a Job but are locked into a facility with an operating room where their cadavers can provide tissue for up to 90 patients (Shave, 2007). In a controlled environment, a heart procedure/operation can cost one-hundred thousand dollars, kidney operations from three thousand and the cost of the organ is not included (Forbes, 2007). Much of the upper-class individuals will have no issue providing these funds however, the lower class may struggle with figures that high. This brings up the criteria of exploitation amongst the lower class. The term exploitation can be defined s â€Å"Use or utilization, especially for profit† (Exploitation, 2014). The market for organ sales may be the hardest to Justify and compensation to the lower class living individuals for their organs is exploiting and in fact would better support an argument for increasing aid to the needy (Shave, 2008). The lower class simply cannot afford multiple hundred thousands of dollars for a transplant which leaves those able to receive being from a higher class (Forbes, 2007). The legalization of organs sales will not only increase traffic in the black market, but exploit the poor. Both options simply lack ethics and to put a price on a human, borderlines many limitations of morality. One could say that legalization would decrease sales and provide a safer environment for transplants however, if we compare the drug market and the legalization of marijuana with the black market, we see revenues sky rocketing for the illegal distribution of marijuana not prescribed and opens the door for those distributing illegally, to do it in a more outside manor making it easier, quicker and adding to the price off mind-altering substance. The sales of human organs for compensation should not be legalized, it will increase black market profit and availability and exploit the poor. A day worker in India was looking for day wages when he agreed to do construction work for four dollars an hour. Him, along with others were then held at gunpoint for several days and eventually taken to a hidden operating room where he and the two others remain unconscious by drugs and when they awoke, their kidneys had been removed (Shave, 2008). By legalizing organ sales, we support circumstances like these because we are taking their immoral actions ND brutality and making it legal to do so. By making organ sales legal, many could be misguided into faulty operations such as these and live on life support for the remaining number of years. Imagine how much easier it would be to produce fraudulent papers and faulty medical records in order to please the payer (Shave, 2007). By making organ sales legal, we make these situations more convenient for the desperate and in some cases could be the end of thousands of lives because the black market will always be cheaper and will always be available. It is the poor person who sells, the rich who buy and Dry. Delimitation of the Wall Street Journal mentions that â€Å"Payments eventually result in the exploitation of the individual,† (Shuttlecocks, 2001). A condition can only be exploitive if the victim is ill- informed, manipulated or coerced into believing something other than what is present (Wilkinson, 2011). The sale of Organs is pretty straight forward but if we look in terms of a struggling economy, the individual’s decision is highly influenced and therefore the situation is being manipulated. Such actions could also include the compensation being considerably low in contrast to the profit. Such cases like in South Africa, individuals are compensated anywhere from six hundred to eight hundred dollars and those same organs are sold for over one-hundred thousand (Shave, 2008). Both criteria could bring arguments to consider like legalizing it would provide for safer facilities to do transplants and also, provide income for the poor. But is money more important than a life? More facilities means more tax dollars and if this means safer alternatives, than why are some of these facilities distributing illegally when it is illegal? If they find a way to do it now, imagine how much easier ND accessible it would be to the black market. Yes, legalizing organs sales may decrease the numbers on the waiting list, but what about other methods such as providing campaigns of awareness for more to become organ donors? As of today, only one third of the population is an organ donor (OPT, 2014). If every person became an organ donor this would not only eliminate numbers on the waiting list, but possibly even produce an abundance of organs that may be used later. Considering one hundred and fifty thousand people die a day, it would only take one ay to eliminate the waiting list of one hundred and twenty thousand (Wick. NODE, 2014). Legalizing organ sales has far more negative effects than that which would actually help the American people. The black market will increase revenue and grow their practices all-the-while exploiting the lower class and providing more health concerns for those who are desperate. What’s at stake? Power, control and revenue. Although many would say that the legalization would decrease numbers which may hold truth, there are multiple different actions which can benefit the country that will to promote immoral behavior and unethical compensation for a living being. How to cite Criteria match – Organ Sales, Papers

Event Creation and Design

Question: Discuss about theEvent Creation and Design. Answer: Winter Night Market at Queen Vic Market Events are the motivators of tourism and backbone to the economic growth of a country. Planned events are created to achieve a specific purpose and strategic goals to accomplish. The queen victor market is largest open air market located in Melbourne; Australia. The market occupies around 7 hectares enhancing the significant growth of the economy to Melbourne culture and heritage. This market acts as a touring destination supplying a variety of seafood, Fruits, vegetables, clothing, shoes, jewelry, and handmade arts and crafts. The market operates every day except on Monday and Thursday. On winter day there is winter night market which offers a variety of events including live entertainment, dining, among other events. Core Values Core values are the beliefs of an organization or an individual helping people know whether they are wrong by determining their traits and qualities, (Amona pieris, 2014). Core values in this event guided the arrangement of the night activities by evaluating the outcomes of the choice and underlying determinants force of those choices. Core values had a significant impact as they enable the planners to communicate what is important and clarify the gains, objectives, and experiences of the night market event (Amona pieris, 2014). The core values such as self-respect enabled the successful of the event with socializations from different peoples overseen during the event. Some of the core values observed and which was the best virtue of the day was Acceptance, Appreciations, Achievement, fun, respect among others. Respect-This core value was monitored throughout the event as visitors were calmly settled on their respective fully areas. People respected each other during the event and this enables interactive environment during the activities that took place all night long. Appreciation-the core value was an enhancement as the participants congratulated the managing committee for the well-planned event. The performances and dancers of events were appreciated through claps and some presents. This created a fun way to appreciate the event and future events (Van der wagen, 2014). Fun-It was a night full of fun as the interactions between different celebrities and visitors were well established. Event participants shopped a variety of goods from a wide range of choices, socialized with new friends, drink their favorite food, drinks and danced their favorite music. Performances from musicians and live bands kept the place alive and entertaining as participants yelled to their favorites songs when they were played by the invited deejay. Ethics-this included the values which enhance the confidence in our commitment imposing positive interactions in the event. Ethical values are the same but different from moral values, (Amona pieris, 2014). Ethics maintained gender equality between the participants and enhanced the high degree of confidence to the visitors who were participating in performances and interacting with different people from different part of the world (Yaniv, 2012). Design The most important ingredient in the modern world today for events mix is maintaining the conductive fun environment (Barnes Blake 2009).The flow of events, design on how the event will be, decoration of event, customer care skills of handling participants and invitations styles determines the number of attendance despite the reputation of organizers. Mitchell also added that majority of people wants events with good music, moderate drinks and interactive people to depart from event feeling they had good times but not wined and dined to death The free entrance to the event enabled the participants from the entire world to avail themselves for this event. Restrictions were made at the gate to eliminate children less than eighteen years not to engage in this event. The event was open to all people over the world. Both male and female were allowed into the event as security was well administered at the gate to ensure that every participant in the event had a good time and enough fun. The dress code for the day was either casual or official whereby people from different culture dressed according to their background cultural inheritance. The core value of appreciations and respect were administered well as everyone culture and the dress code was acceptable. The convenient arrangement of events enabled well cooperations between the event managers, participants, and the entire crew (Echelon, 2014). On the entrance gate, Ushers and all activators provided a warm welcome to the participants by directing them to the sections in which they were to settle down as they Waite for the event to start. Drinks and food were well served as music was played to maintain participant attentions and break the boredom before the start of the event. The schedule of this event indicated that participant was provided with free accommodation and essential basic needs but other forms of luxuries they catered for themselves. The live performance music bands and dancers entertained the visitors though out the event. The invited deejay played good music mixtures of every genre in Australia. The visitors were involved in the performance as the volunteers were visitors involved in singing, the narration of poems, and creative arts (Shaun, 2010). The advertisements of the events were updated through the winter night market so that the participants can check out updates concerning the events. All changes about the event were communicated at the right time to avoid inconveniences (Lynn Valette-Florence, 2012).The booking, reservations, and confirmations of events participants were made through winter night market websites for estimation and allocation of budgets. The buildings were decorated with different color and more wooden crafted items assembled at the entrances to attract more people to participate in the event. The color of event signified the purity of Australian culture and inheritance and promoted unity among the participants (Meyer Eielson, 2014). The Event promoted inter-cultural interactions and trade between different communities as an exchange of Goods and services such as arts and crafts were enhanced. Foods from different cultures such as chicken hearts, duck tongues beef noodle and fresh squid were prepared. Experiences Experience is the art of gaining skills, or knowledge through participations in an event or direct observation (Sherwood, 2007). An experience enhances execution of quality event through a client first approach. Visitors experienced great moments and interactive sessions with the jovial moods of the event well overseen. The good shapes and medium sizes of plates and glassware added party feelings and created an interactive mood. The visitors were extremely comforted with the majority of them promising never to miss future events happening at Winter Night Market. Participants also enjoyed the essence of security during the flow of events. The Participants experiences positively impacted the future attendance through establishing good reputations of events. In this event majority of people who were satisfied will invite their friends and relatives to attend this event (Tom, 2007). Recommendations The future event should be advertised early in time such that many participants will schedule their time well. The majority of participants did not attend on time due to short time notices as they had to squeeze their time to attend. The Event managers and organizers should allocate a well-fitted budget to avoid inconveniences and participant not well satisfied by the services. References Amona pieris, (2014). Indigenous place: contemporary buildings, landmarks and places of significance, south East Australia. Barnes, c, Blake (2009).creating and delivering your value preposition: managing customer experience for profit (pp 30-31).United kingdom, London: kogan page limited Echelon (2014): Queen Victoria market event risk management, Melbourne, Australia Lynn R. Kahle, Pierre Valette-Florence (2012).Marketplace Lifestyles in an Age of Social Media. New York: M.E. Sharpe Meyer, Eielson, (2014) Dreaming: A guide to important places of the past and future (second edition),Melbourne Shaun C., (2010) Indigenous cultural in heritage and history within metropolitan, Melbourne investigation Area, Melbourne. Sherwood (2007).A triple bottom line evaluation of impacts of evaluation of events: the development of indicators, doctoral dissertation, Victoria university, Melbourne Tom j. Norton (2007), management of event operations. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Van der wagen, (2014).Event management for tourism, cultural, and sporting events. Frenchs forest, NSW: Pearson Yaniv Iczkovits (2012).Wittgenstein's Ethical Thought. Palgrave Macmillan